The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has made significant strides in its ongoing quest to uncover the mysteries of Dwarka, a city deeply entrenched in Indian mythology, particularly in the epic Mahabharata. Located off the coast of Gujarat, Dwarka is believed to be the city founded by Lord Krishna after he left Mathura, reclaiming land from the sea.

Why Dwarka Holds Mythological Significance

Dwarka is one of the most sacred and culturally significant cities in Indian religious history. According to legends, Lord Krishna established Dwarka as a capital after his departure from Mathura. This city was described as a well-planned, fortified port that was eventually submerged by the sea.

Ancient scriptures like the Mahabharata and Harivamsa Purana describe the city in detail, often citing its grandeur and prosperity. It is this very description that has prompted historians and archaeologists to explore the area for physical evidence that could validate these ancient accounts.

Recent Exploration by ASI in 2025

The latest exploration began in February 2025, marking two critical phases — one onshore and the other offshore — around Dwarka and the nearby Beyt Dwarka (Shankhodhar Island).

• Beyt Dwarka is located near Okha town, about 25 kilometers from Dwarka.

• The region lies where the Gulf of Kutch opens into the Arabian Sea, making it a strategic maritime location in ancient times.

The Underwater Archaeology Wing of the ASI, led by Alok Tripathi, conducted a detailed study of land regions around Gomati Creek (previously explored in 2007) and submerged areas around Beyt Dwarka.

This two-part exploration involved:

• Studying the changes in terrain and structure visibility over the years.

• Conducting underwater diving operations to document submerged ruins and stone structures.

• Training new archaeologists for future underwater missions.

Prime Minister’s Visit and New Infrastructure

In February 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Dwarka and performed an underwater prayer ritual, calling the experience divine. During this visit, he also inaugurated the Sudarshan Setu, a four-lane bridge connecting Okha town to Beyt Dwarka island, enhancing accessibility to the exploration site.

What the ASI Hopes to Discover

The primary goal of the ASI is to identify and verify material remains that could match the descriptions of the ancient city of Dwarka in mythological texts. The exploration seeks to:

• Determine the age of the submerged structures.

• Identify whether these belong to the era of Lord Krishna.

• Understand the settlement patterns and functions of the city — especially if it operated as a major port in ancient times.

The exploration is not just a religious endeavor but also a historical and archaeological investigation to understand India’s coastal urbanization in antiquity.

Key Findings from Past and Recent Studies

This is not the first time ASI has attempted to uncover the truth behind the legend of Dwarka. In fact, investigations started as early as 1963.

Key discoveries over the years include:

• Underwater stone structures that resemble walls, fortifications, and possibly a large port platform.

• Triangular stone anchors with three holes, pointing to maritime activity.

• These artefacts date from the 8th to 18th century, indicating Dwarka's function as a busy port town through different historical periods.

The 2007 exploration yielded:

• Terracotta objects

• Beads, bangle fragments

• Copper rings, iron ingots

• Ancient pottery
  These findings were crucial in suggesting long-standing human habitation and trade activity in the region.

Next Steps: Advanced Exploration in Late 2025

A third round of exploration is expected to take place later in 2025. The ASI plans to deploy modern technology and updated archaeological tools to further examine the underwater ruins. Some of the upcoming methods include:

• Sediment layer analysis

• Marine deposit studies

• Scientific dating of recovered objects

These techniques aim to accurately date the structures and provide tangible proof of Dwarka’s antiquity and historical relevance.

The ASI also plans to strengthen its Underwater Archaeology Wing, which has historically faced delays due to logistical and financial challenges. With better resources, the organization hopes to:

• Conduct regular and in-depth underwater research.

• Explore other coastal sites in India, including regions in Tamil Nadu (Cauvery delta), Maharashtra, and Odisha.

Broader Impact of the Exploration

This archaeological endeavor is not just about mythology validation — it has historical, cultural, and nationalistic significance. Confirming Dwarka’s legendary past could:

• Offer global recognition of India’s ancient urban planning and maritime prowess.

• Boost religious and cultural tourism in Gujarat.

• Add a new dimension to our understanding of the Indus-Saraswati civilization timeline.

Moreover, the political and cultural stakes are high. Linking mythology to material evidence serves as a bridge between faith and science, strengthening both national heritage and academic inquiry.

In Summary:

• Dwarka is a legendary city said to be founded by Lord Krishna, and mentioned in ancient Indian texts.

• The ASI’s underwater explorations have revealed promising signs of ancient settlements and port infrastructure.

• A third exploration phase in 2025 is expected to provide more concrete evidence that could link the site to India’s mythological past.

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