China and Russia have jointly criticized Western policies while pledging to strengthen their military ties with developing countries during the annual Xiangshan Forum in Beijing. Both nations presented themselves as advocates for a multipolar world order and took strong positions against Western "arrogance," particularly focusing on the role of the United States in global military conflicts.

China's Call for Cooperation with the Global South

In a speech by China's Defence Minister, Dong Jun, the country reaffirmed its commitment to improving military relations with its neighbors and developing nations. Dong emphasized the need for "major countries" to lead efforts in safeguarding global security and urged them to abandon a zero-sum mindset. While not explicitly naming the United States, Dong's remarks clearly targeted Western policies that he believes undermine international stability. He argued that no country, irrespective of its size or development, should be sidelined in global affairs. All countries, he said, should have the right to participate equally, safeguard their legitimate rights, and maintain their interests in a complex, multipolar world.

Criticism of Western Influence

Dong urged world powers to put down arrogance and refrain from meddling in the internal affairs of other countries. The call for unity among regional powers was evident as Dong spoke to representatives from 90 countries and international organizations. He urged nations to rely on themselves for peace, stating, "We should put down arrogance and prejudice, never interfere in other countries' internal affairs, never violate other countries' rights and interests."

This statement reflects China's growing assertiveness, as tensions between China and the United States persist over Taiwan, the South China Sea, and Beijing’s close ties with Russia. The forum comes after a period of thawing relations between the two nations' militaries, marked by the first high-level defense talks between China and the US since 2022. The US was represented at the forum by Michael Chase, deputy assistant secretary of defense for China, Taiwan, and Mongolia.

Russia's Warning Over NATO's Role in Ukraine

In an even sharper critique of Western actions, Russia's Deputy Defence Minister Alexander Fomin accused the United States of provoking military conflicts, particularly in Ukraine and the Indo-Pacific region. Fomin said, "Russia and China support the creation of a just, multipolar world order based on equality and mutual respect." He went further, accusing NATO of preparing for war in Asia and warning that NATO's involvement in Ukraine could lead to a direct conflict between nuclear powers.

Fomin expressed concern over NATO's plans to send troops to Ukraine, a claim denied by the organization, but one that has escalated tensions nonetheless. He highlighted that such moves could result in dangerous, far-reaching consequences for global security, especially as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine shows no signs of de-escalating.

Putin's Stance on Escalation

This warning came as Russian President Vladimir Putin issued statements that further raised the specter of a broader conflict. Putin indicated that if Ukraine were allowed to strike Russian territory using Western-supplied long-range missiles, it would lead to direct Western involvement in the conflict, a situation that could escalate the nature of the war. "This will be their direct participation," he said, referring to NATO countries, "and this, of course, will significantly change the very essence of the conflict."

China-Russia Solidarity Amid Western Sanctions

The growing partnership between China and Russia has been a strategic counterbalance to the West. After Western sanctions were imposed on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine, China ramped up its purchase of Russian oil and has since expanded its economic and military ties with Moscow. China’s refusal to condemn Russia's actions in Ukraine and its support for Russia’s economic recovery have deepened the relationship between the two nations.

China’s supply of machine tools, electronics, and other items that potentially aid Russia’s military efforts has drawn criticism from the West, but Beijing remains steadfast in its position. The Xiangshan Forum highlights China’s intention to continue advocating for a just and fair world order, where developing countries play a more central role in global diplomacy.

Both China and Russia, through their participation in the Xiangshan Forum, have reinforced their commitment to opposing Western intervention and defending their interests on the world stage. The partnership between these two nations is seen as pivotal to reshaping the global order.

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Conclusion

The discussions at the Xiangshan Forum serve as a microcosm of the larger global power struggle between East and West. As China and Russia continue to challenge Western dominance, their growing collaboration signals a future where developing nations may have a stronger voice in global affairs. With military cooperation at the forefront, the forum underscores the shift towards a multipolar world where no single country can dominate international relations.

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