The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) has set up 43 temporary operating bases in Jammu and Kashmir at altitudes ranging from 3,000 feet to 6,000 feet as part of a renewed strategy to counter foreign terrorists operating in the Union Territory. The move comes in the aftermath of the Pahalgam terror attack in April 2025 and reflects a significant shift in counter-insurgency operations.

According to a senior CRPF official, the new deployment pattern is aimed at flushing out terrorists who have relocated from the Kashmir Valley floor to the upper mountainous regions to sustain militancy activities.

The temporary operating bases now serve as launch pads for search-and-assault operations conducted by CRPF teams, with personnel moving as high as 8,900 feet during active missions.

A Strategic Shift After Pahalgam Attack

The decision to establish these high-altitude bases was taken after the terror attack at Baisaran meadow in Pahalgam on April 22, 2025. In that incident, three Pakistani terrorists opened fire on tourists, killing 26 people. All victims were tourists except one local resident.

The attack shocked the nation and led to intensified security operations across Jammu and Kashmir. It also prompted a reassessment of existing counter-terror strategies.

The terrorists involved in the Pahalgam attack were later neutralised by security forces on July 28, 2025, in the upper reaches of the Kashmir Valley during Operation Mahadev. The encounter highlighted the growing trend of militants shifting to high-altitude terrain to evade detection and sustain operations.

Security agencies realised that traditional deployment patterns concentrated in lower areas were no longer sufficient.

Why High-Altitude Bases Were Needed

Historically, counter-terror operations in Jammu and Kashmir have focused heavily on populated areas and the Valley floor, where militant presence was concentrated. However, intelligence inputs over the past year suggested that foreign terrorists were increasingly moving towards the upper reaches, especially areas above 6,000 feet.

Operating in higher terrain offers several advantages to militants. The difficult geography provides natural cover, limits vehicular access, and complicates surveillance efforts. Harsh weather conditions and challenging terrain also make sustained security presence more demanding.

To counter this shift, the CRPF established 43 temporary bases strategically located between 3,000 and 6,000 feet. These bases allow security forces to maintain proximity to suspected hideouts and respond swiftly to intelligence inputs.

From these bases, teams launch operations that extend up to 8,900 feet, covering forested slopes and mountainous areas previously considered secondary operational zones.

Intelligence Estimates and Terror Presence

According to intelligence assessments cited by officials, around 40 foreign terrorists are currently active in the Jammu region, while approximately 60 foreign terrorists are active in the Kashmir Valley.

Additionally, two local terrorists have been identified.

The majority of these militants are believed to be foreign nationals, primarily from across the border. Security agencies have noted that foreign terrorists often possess better training and resources, making them particularly dangerous.

The relocation to higher altitudes suggests a strategy aimed at prolonging insurgency by avoiding direct confrontation in heavily monitored urban and semi-urban areas.

Role of CRPF in Counter-Insurgency

The CRPF has long been a key force in maintaining internal security across India, including in Jammu and Kashmir. In recent years, its role has expanded to include joint operations with the Army and Jammu and Kashmir Police.

The establishment of temporary operating bases demonstrates the force’s adaptability. These bases are not permanent installations but are designed to provide flexibility in deployment.

Each base houses CRPF teams equipped for high-altitude operations. Personnel are trained to operate in challenging conditions, including steep terrain, cold temperatures, and limited infrastructure.

Logistical support is crucial. Supplies, communication equipment, and medical facilities must be maintained despite the remoteness of these areas.

Operation Mahadev: A Turning Point

Operation Mahadev, conducted on July 28, 2025, marked a significant success for security forces. The three Pakistani terrorists responsible for the Pahalgam massacre were tracked and eliminated in the upper reaches of the Valley.

The operation underscored the importance of sustained pressure and intelligence coordination. It also revealed how militants were exploiting high-altitude zones to regroup and plan further attacks.

Following this operation, security agencies intensified efforts to prevent similar relocations in the future.

The establishment of 43 bases can be seen as a direct outcome of lessons learned during Operation Mahadev.

Challenges of High-Altitude Operations

Operating at altitudes between 3,000 and 8,900 feet presents unique challenges.

First, the terrain is rugged and often covered in dense forests. Visibility can be limited, making surveillance difficult.

Second, weather conditions in Jammu and Kashmir’s upper reaches can change rapidly. Snowfall, heavy rains, and cold winds affect mobility and endurance.

Third, communication networks may be weak or unreliable in remote areas. Maintaining coordination between teams requires advanced equipment and planning.

Despite these challenges, security forces believe that a proactive presence in these zones is necessary to prevent militants from establishing safe havens.

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