India is not only a leader in producing some of the most nutrient-dense crops in the world but also the largest producer of millets. These tiny grains, rich in proteins, fibres, vitamins, and minerals, have been a staple in Indian diets for centuries. As the world looks for healthier, sustainable food options, millets are making a strong comeback due to their versatility, climate resilience, and health benefits.

India’s Global Leadership in Millet Production

India plays a dominant role in global millet production, contributing a staggering 18.1% of the world's total millet production, including a significant 38.4% share of global Pearl Millet (Bajra) production. This makes India not only the largest producer but also a critical supplier of this highly nutritious grain to countries around the world.

India’s millet exports are also witnessing impressive growth. In the fiscal year 2023-24, India exported 146,300 Metric Tonnes (MT) of millets, valued at approximately USD 70.89 million (INR 587.68 crore). Major export destinations include countries like the UAE, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, and the USA, reflecting the growing international demand for millets due to their nutritional profile and sustainable farming characteristics.

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Grain

Millets are hardy grains that thrive in diverse climates with minimal inputs. They require less water and are more resistant to pests compared to traditional crops, making them highly suitable for drought-prone regions. Their low environmental impact and ability to adapt to climate change make them an ideal choice for sustainable food production in the face of global food security challenges.

Key Millet Varieties in India

India produces several types of millets, each with its own unique nutritional profile and culinary uses. Some of the most notable varieties include:

• Sorghum (Jowar): Known for its versatility, Jowar is packed with fibre and protein, making it excellent for heart health and weight management. Rich in antioxidants, it can be used in everything from traditional flatbreads to modern grain bowls.

• Pearl Millet (Bajra): Bajra is an energy-boosting grain that's high in protein and fibre, supporting digestive health. It is also an excellent source of iron, helping boost haemoglobin levels. Bajra is often used in traditional Indian flatbreads and hearty soups.

• Finger Millet (Ragi): Ragi, also known as Finger Millet, is a gluten-free grain celebrated for its high calcium content, crucial for bone health. It’s rich in iron and is often recommended for people dealing with anaemia. Ragi can be enjoyed as porridge, rotis, or in baked goods.

• Little Millet: Known for its small seeds, Little Millet is a traditional grain grown across India. It is nutrient-dense and can be used in a variety of ways, including in porridge or as a rice substitute.

• Proso Millet: Proso Millet is rich in dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, and proteins. It contains lecithin, which supports neural health. This millet is gaining popularity for its gluten-free properties and nutritional benefits.

• Kodo Millet: Known for its digestibility and higher levels of lecithin amino acid, Kodo Millet is rich in B vitamins, particularly niacin, B6, and folic acid, making it beneficial for overall health.

• Foxtail Millet: With a low glycemic index, Foxtail Millet is ideal for people with diabetes. It’s rich in fibre and essential minerals and is a versatile grain that can be used in salads, porridge, and other dishes.

• Barnyard Millet: Also known as Sanwa, Barnyard Millet is high in dietary fibre, calcium, and phosphorus, making it beneficial for digestive health and bone strength. It is commonly used in fasting dishes or as a substitute for rice.

Millets: A Sustainable Food for the Future

Millets are gaining recognition as an eco-friendly and sustainable food source. With their low carbon footprint and high nutritional value, millets can play an essential role in addressing food security challenges, especially in regions where traditional crops are not suitable due to climate change or water scarcity. Their drought-resistant properties make them ideal for regions facing water shortages, and their low environmental impact makes them a smart choice for sustainable agriculture.

Millet-Producing States in India

Millet cultivation in India is spread across several states, each with a favorable climate for growing these resilient grains. Major millet-producing states include:

• Rajasthan
• Karnataka
• Maharashtra
• Uttar Pradesh
• Haryana
• Gujarat
• Madhya Pradesh
• Tamil Nadu
• Andhra Pradesh
• Uttarakhand

These states contribute significantly to India’s millet production, with each region offering ideal growing conditions, such as dry, arid climates and relatively low water requirements.

Conclusion

As the world looks for more sustainable and nutritious food options, millets offer a perfect solution. India, with its diverse range of millet varieties and strong export growth, continues to lead the global market in producing these ancient grains. From their exceptional nutritional benefits to their climate-resilient and sustainable nature, millets are poised to become an important part of the global food system. As India’s millet production continues to grow, these grains will undoubtedly play a key role in securing the future of food.

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