India is gearing up for a hotter summer in 2025, as the India Meteorological Department (IMD) predicts above-normal temperatures from April to June. The IMD has forecast that several regions in the country will experience an increased number of heatwave days, with some areas particularly in the northwest seeing double the usual number of heatwave days. The expected heatwaves will likely impact central, eastern, and northwestern regions more severely, including states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh.

According to Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, the IMD chief, the maximum and minimum temperatures in most regions are expected to be above the usual averages, with minimum temperatures likely to remain higher than normal. However, some parts of western and eastern India, such as the far south and northwest, may see relatively normal temperatures. The IMD has predicted that north and east India, as well as central India and the plains of northwest India, will experience two to four more heatwave days than usual. While India generally records between four to seven heatwave days during this period, this year, regions like northwest India are expected to face double the usual number of heatwaves, bringing extreme conditions that are likely to stretch public health systems and exacerbate existing vulnerabilities.

States at High Risk of Heatwaves

The states at most risk of enduring intense heatwaves this summer are:

• Rajasthan

• Gujarat

• Haryana

• Punjab

• Madhya Pradesh

• Maharashtra

• Uttar Pradesh

• Bihar

• Jharkhand

• West Bengal

• Odisha

• Chhattisgarh

• Telangana

• Andhra Pradesh

• Northern parts of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu

These states are likely to see prolonged periods of extreme heat, increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses and stress on public infrastructure. With rising temperatures, many areas will experience higher-than-usual maximum temperatures, pushing already stretched resources to their limits.

Impact on Electricity Demand

The heatwave is expected to have a significant impact on the country’s electricity demand. As temperatures rise, the demand for cooling appliances such as air conditioners, fans, and coolers is set to soar. This is likely to drive peak power consumption, which is projected to increase by 9 to 10 percent this summer compared to previous years. The electricity demand surge is a direct result of the rising heat stress driven by climate change, which has been intensifying over the years.

Last year, India recorded a peak electricity demand of 250 gigawatts (GW) on May 30, which was 6.3 percent higher than the initial projections. As the demand for cooling grows, India will face the challenge of meeting this surge in power consumption, which could lead to potential power shortages in some regions. Experts have warned that the prolonged heat will continue to put pressure on the country's energy infrastructure.

Health Risks and Preparation

With higher-than-usual temperatures forecast across much of India, authorities have urged the public and state governments to be prepared for extreme weather conditions. Health risks, such as heatstroke, dehydration, and heat-related illnesses, are expected to increase, particularly among vulnerable populations like the elderly, children, and those working outdoors. The government is expected to take proactive measures, such as distributing water and setting up cooling centers, to mitigate the adverse health effects of the prolonged heat.

In addition to health concerns, the demand for electricity will test India’s power grid capabilities, requiring careful management to prevent widespread outages. The IMD has suggested that local authorities take necessary precautions to manage resources effectively and ensure that vulnerable populations are not left exposed to extreme heat.

Conclusion

As India braces for above-normal temperatures this summer, the intensified heatwaves are likely to cause serious challenges across various sectors, from public health to energy consumption. With parts of the country expected to experience up to double the usual heatwave days, the heat stress could have long-term consequences on both human well-being and infrastructure. While some regions may experience normal temperatures, the overall trend points toward a more intense summer with far-reaching effects on the economy and daily life. Governments, businesses, and citizens must collaborate to ensure that both immediate needs and long-term strategies are put in place to mitigate the impact of this extreme weather.

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