India's Artificial Intelligence (AI) strategy represents a transformative policy vision aimed at positioning the nation at the forefront of global technological innovation. Spearheaded by Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi, the approach seeks to democratise access to technology, leverage AI to address critical national challenges, and catalyse economic development by generating employment opportunities across sectors.

As of 2025, India's technology sector already stands as a robust pillar of the economy, contributing more than ₹21,61,750 crore (approximately US$ 250 billion) annually and employing over six million professionals. This well-established ecosystem provides a fertile foundation for AI growth, and India has rapidly gained prominence on the global stage. According to the Stanford AI Index, India is now ranked among the top nations in AI capabilities, bolstered by its position as the second-largest contributor to AI projects on GitHub—a testament to the strength and scale of its software development community.

IndiaAI Mission: The Framework for AI Leadership

The IndiaAI Mission, launched in March 2024, forms the backbone of India’s AI vision. Built on seven strategic pillars, the mission is crafted to support the development of a scalable, inclusive, and ethically sound AI ecosystem. These pillars encompass core areas such as infrastructure development, open-source access, skill development, research and innovation, safe and trusted AI use, enabling policies, and partnerships with industry and academia.

Under this mission, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has taken major strides by deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) such as the Meta AI LLAMA family models on the AIRAWAT compute infrastructure, a high-performance AI computing platform. This initiative ensures open access to powerful AI tools, especially for researchers, start-ups, and academic institutions, further democratising technological access across the country.

Legal Framework and Digital Safeguards

India’s AI push is grounded not only in technology but also in a strong regulatory ecosystem. The government has taken multiple legal steps to safeguard against misuse of AI, particularly in the context of deepfakes, identity theft, and synthetic media. Key legal instruments include:

• The Information Technology Act, 2000, updated to reflect AI-specific challenges.

• The Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, 2023, which introduces penal provisions to deter misuse.

• The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, which strengthens individual privacy rights and controls over data use.

Additionally, the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, have been reinforced to mandate 24-hour grievance redressal mechanisms for complaints related to morphed, synthetic, or harmful AI-generated content.

In parallel, CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team) has been active in issuing cybersecurity advisories and promoting the Certified Security Professional in Artificial Intelligence (CSPAI) certification, aimed at boosting national cyber resilience and AI safety awareness among professionals.

Building Human Capital and Innovation Networks

India’s AI journey is not just policy-driven—it’s people-powered. The government's focus on skill development, especially in AI-related fields, has led to partnerships with educational institutions and private-sector innovators to offer AI training at scale. Whether it's the creation of AI curriculums, online learning modules, or bootcamps for start-ups, the ecosystem now includes avenues for students, working professionals, and entrepreneurs alike.

This strategic approach is creating a new wave of employment, with estimates pointing to millions of jobs across sectors including healthcare, education, agriculture, logistics, manufacturing, and public governance. The government has also set its sights on nurturing domestic AI start-ups, providing them with incubation support, funding opportunities, and access to public data for innovation.

International Standing and Diplomatic Engagement

India’s rising influence in the AI domain is also evident in its participation in global AI forums and standards bodies. The country is actively shaping norms for ethical AI use and is collaborating with major economies to share research, harmonise AI regulations, and set interoperable standards.

A high-level advisory group under the Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India is currently developing a comprehensive AI governance framework aligned with India’s unique socio-economic conditions and technological aspirations. This group is engaging stakeholders across industry, academia, civil society, and government to ensure inclusive and equitable AI regulation.

From Technology to Transformation: The Road Ahead

The democratisation of AI in India is no longer a distant aspiration—it’s a tangible reality taking shape through well-calibrated policies, powerful infrastructure, and people-centric innovation. The integration of AI in health diagnostics, smart agriculture, language translation, education tech, and public service delivery is already showing visible results.

At the heart of this movement is a commitment to inclusivity, ensuring that AI benefits are not limited to urban elites, but reach rural populations, small businesses, and underserved communities. By focusing on open-source access, citizen data protection, and grassroots capacity-building, India’s AI strategy is a blueprint for technology-driven social empowerment.

As the country marches toward its Vision 2047—a centenary milestone of independence—AI is set to play a central role in economic competitiveness, job creation, and global thought leadership. India’s AI trajectory demonstrates how a developing nation can leapfrog into a leadership position through vision, investment, and innovation, ultimately creating a future where technology serves the many, not just the few.

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