Jayant Narlikar, one of India's most revered scientists and a pioneering astrophysicist, passed away peacefully in his sleep in Pune on May 20, 2025, at the age of 87. Known for his pathbreaking work in cosmology, Dr. Narlikar’s demise marks the end of an era in Indian science. His contributions extended far beyond academic circles, shaping the public understanding of astronomy and inspiring generations of scientists.

Born on July 19, 1938, into an intellectually stimulating environment at Banaras Hindu University (BHU), where his father, Vishnu Vasudeva Narlikar, was the Head of the Mathematics Department, Jayant Narlikar's early exposure to science was profound. He later pursued higher education at Cambridge University, where he not only excelled in academics, becoming a Wrangler and Tyson Medallist, but also worked with the legendary Fred Hoyle, developing the Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravitation, a significant contribution to modern cosmology.

A Pioneering Mind in Cosmology

Dr. Narlikar’s most celebrated work in theoretical astrophysics includes challenging the Big Bang theory and proposing alternatives such as the Steady State theory along with his mentor Fred Hoyle. His Hoyle–Narlikar theory, though controversial at the time, remains a topic of discussion and admiration in the field of cosmology for its elegance and mathematical depth.

He returned to India in 1972, joining the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), where he led the Theoretical Astrophysics Group for over 17 years, transforming it into a globally recognized team. His commitment to scientific advancement was not just academic but infrastructural as well.

Founding IUCAA: Building a Scientific Legacy

In 1988, the University Grants Commission (UGC) selected Dr. Narlikar to establish the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) in Pune. As its Founding Director, he played an instrumental role in shaping IUCAA into one of India’s premier institutions for research and teaching in astronomy and astrophysics. Under his leadership, IUCAA not only focused on world-class research but also facilitated collaborative work between universities, thus democratizing access to high-quality scientific education in India.

Even after his retirement in 2003, Dr. Narlikar remained active as an Emeritus Professor at IUCAA, mentoring young scientists and engaging in public communication of science.

Champion of Science Communication

Beyond his academic excellence, Jayant Narlikar was a brilliant communicator of science. His numerous books, columns, and essays, many written in Marathi, introduced complex scientific ideas to general audiences. He often emphasized that popularizing science is as important as conducting it, and his work in this domain was widely celebrated.

He was awarded the Kalinga Prize by UNESCO in 1996 for his exceptional efforts in science communication. His books—both non-fiction and science fiction—continue to be used as references in schools and colleges across the country.

He also participated in several radio and television programmes, aiming to instill scientific curiosity among young learners and laypeople. His science fiction stories, marked by scientific authenticity and imaginative brilliance, became popular among readers of all age groups.

Recognitions and Awards

Jayant Narlikar's contributions to science were acknowledged with some of the highest civilian honours in India:

• Padma Bhushan in 1965, making him one of the youngest recipients of the award at the age of just 26.

• Padma Vibhushan in 2004, recognizing his lifelong dedication to advancing science in India.

• Maharashtra Bhushan in 2011, the highest civilian award by the state of Maharashtra, for his contribution to science and education.

• Sahitya Akademi Award (2014) for his autobiography, which won the top prize in regional language writing (Marathi).

In 2012, the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) honoured him for setting up IUCAA as a centre of excellence. His accolades were not just ceremonial; they reflected the depth and breadth of his contributions across research, education, and science communication.

Personal Life and Final Days

Dr. Narlikar underwent hip surgery in Pune recently and was recovering at home when he passed away in his sleep. According to family sources, his end came peacefully in the early hours of Tuesday morning. He is survived by his three daughters, who have described him as not only a scientist but a loving and gentle parent.

Despite the challenges of age, Dr. Narlikar remained mentally active till the very end. He continued to read, write, and stay engaged with the world of science, occasionally appearing at lectures and seminars even into his late 80s.

A Role Model for Generations

Jayant Narlikar’s life stands as a testament to what unwavering dedication to knowledge, education, and public service can achieve. His legacy lives on in the numerous students he mentored, the institutions he built, and the public imagination he ignited. He did not just aim to understand the universe; he helped India understand itself through the lens of science.

In an age where misinformation and superstition still find ground, Dr. Narlikar’s rational outlook and promotion of scientific temper remain more relevant than ever. His departure is a great loss to India, but his contributions will inspire countless minds for generations to come.

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