The 25th Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit, held in Tianjin, China, on September 1, 2025, proved to be a significant stage for India’s diplomatic engagement. Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in high-level discussions with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping, signalling India’s strengthening position in global and regional diplomacy. The summit was a reflection of India’s proactive foreign policy and its focus on multilateral cooperation in tackling issues of security, terrorism, connectivity, and economic development.

India-Russia Partnership Strengthened

One of the most notable developments was the bilateral meeting between PM Modi and President Putin. The leaders highlighted the special and privileged strategic partnership that India and Russia have built over decades. Discussions covered defence cooperation, energy projects, trade expansion, and joint technological initiatives. Modi extended an invitation to Putin for the upcoming 23rd India-Russia Summit in December 2025, further cementing bilateral trust despite global tensions caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

India’s Firm Stand on Terrorism

In his plenary address, PM Modi strongly condemned terrorism, calling it the gravest threat to humanity. Without naming specific countries, he urged world leaders to adopt zero tolerance toward terrorism and avoid double standards when dealing with state-sponsored acts. He also referenced the Pahalgam terror attack in Jammu & Kashmir, underlining India’s ongoing concerns. This message positioned India as a key voice in shaping global and regional security discourse.

Breakthrough Meeting with Xi Jinping

PM Modi’s meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping was a historic development, being their first bilateral engagement in China since 2018. Relations between India and China had been strained due to prolonged border tensions. During the talks, both leaders reaffirmed their commitment to peace, stability, and mutual respect in managing sensitive issues along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Modi highlighted the importance of confidence-building measures, and Xi acknowledged the necessity of restoring dialogue.

Border Management and Confidence-Building

Both countries agreed to further the disengagement process that began at the 2024 Kazan Summit, which had already eased tensions at critical flashpoints. This step was considered essential in building long-term stability and paving the way for economic and cultural exchanges.

Resumption of Kailash Mansarovar Yatra

In a gesture of goodwill, PM Modi announced the resumption of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra after a five-year suspension. The pilgrimage to Tibet has deep cultural and religious significance, and its reopening marked an important step in people-to-people engagement between India and China.

Restoration of Direct Flights

Another key outcome of the summit was the decision to resume direct flights between India and China. This development is expected to boost business travel, tourism, and academic exchange, helping rebuild normalcy in bilateral ties disrupted by the pandemic and border disputes.

Multilateral Cooperation & Global Role of SCO

PM Modi emphasised the importance of multilateralism in addressing global challenges. He reiterated India’s commitment to the SCO as a platform for regional security, economic integration, and cultural cooperation. President Xi also called for defending global justice, opposing unilateralism, and proposed 100 small-scale development projects for SCO member nations. Together, their statements highlighted a push toward building a multipolar world order.

India’s Development and Global Partnerships

PM Modi invited the world to join India’s journey of “Reform, Perform, Transform”, stressing on economic resilience and inclusive growth. His remarks underlined India’s readiness to partner globally in areas of infrastructure, technology, and sustainable development.

Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Call for Peace

In his discussions with Putin, Modi once again emphasised the need for a peaceful resolution to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Both leaders agreed on prioritising diplomacy and dialogue over prolonged confrontation. Putin praised India’s constructive role in facilitating discussions aimed at global stability.

India’s Role in Global Diplomacy

The SCO Summit 2025 reinforced India’s strategic role in global diplomacy. Through bilateral engagements and multilateral cooperation, India successfully pushed for regional peace, counter-terrorism measures, and strengthened partnerships. The summit outcomes demonstrated India’s ability to balance relations with global powers while safeguarding its national interests.

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