The 1979 US embassy hostage crisis remains one of the most significant events in the modern history of Iran-US relations. 45 years after the seizure of the US embassy in Tehran, the consequences of that 444-day hostage crisis continue to resonate, not only in the political landscape of both countries but in the lives of ordinary people who lived through the event. The militant students who stormed the embassy on November 4, 1979, took 52 American hostages, and their actions set off a chain of events that dramatically altered the trajectory of Iran's relationship with the United States.

The militant students were responding to the US's decision to allow the deposed Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to seek medical treatment in the United States, an act that many in Iran saw as another sign of US interference in Iranian sovereignty. The hostage crisis served as a rallying point for the new revolutionary government led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, fueling anti-American sentiment and leading to a dramatic shift in Iran’s foreign policy. The hostages were released only after Jimmy Carter's presidency ended, with the event marking the start of an era of hostility between Iran and the United States that persists to this day.

Veteran Iranian photographer Kaveh Kazemi recalls the memories of that day vividly. As a witness to the events, he remembers standing behind the gate where the American hostages were brought out, blindfolded, and paraded in front of crowds chanting anti-American slogans like "Death to America." Kazemi’s powerful photographs captured a moment in history when the world seemed to change, and US-Iran relations took a turn that continues to affect the two nations.

For Iranians like Hossein Kouhi, a former protester who took part in the 1979 demonstrations, the legacy of that event is still fresh. Kouhi, now 76, feels that US intervention in Iran’s affairs has had long-lasting negative consequences for the Iranian people. He points to the sanctions that have crippled the Iranian economy, leading to shortages of essential goods, including medicines. Despite the hardships, Kouhi maintains a deep mistrust of the United States, believing that it continues to "plunder" countries in the region.

Similarly, Zahra Tashakori, a schoolteacher, expresses her satisfaction that the American presence in Iran is no longer a reality. She criticizes US cultural influence, citing films that she believes promote violence and harm society. Her views reflect the continued anti-American sentiment that still thrives in Iranian society, fueled by a history of US military interventions in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria, countries that many Iranians view as suffering due to American interference.

However, not everyone sees the 1979 embassy takeover as a moment to celebrate. Ghasem Rabiei, a 49-year-old Iranian, admits that while he believed the US Embassy should have been expelled, he thinks the method of seizing the embassy was wrong. Rabiei suggests that the US should have been removed peacefully and legally, a sentiment that highlights the nuanced views held by many Iranians who reflect on the events of 1979 with mixed feelings.

The longstanding conflict between Iran and the United States has only escalated in recent years. As Iran faces mounting pressure from US sanctions, the Iranian economy has suffered dramatically, with inflation skyrocketing and living standards plummeting. Sanctions have also deepened Iran’s isolation from the global economic system. Despite this, Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei continues to defend the actions of the militant students, praising them as "ahead of their time." This support for the 1979 embassy takeover has cemented the idea that anti-American sentiment will remain a cornerstone of Iran’s foreign policy for the foreseeable future.

In addition to the enduring political and economic ramifications, recent military confrontations have added fuel to the fire. The US blames Iran for a series of attacks on oil tankers in the Persian Gulf and alleges that Iran was behind a drone strike on a major Saudi Arabian oil processor, causing a spike in global oil prices. In retaliation, Iran has vowed that any military action against it will result in all-out war. The nuclear issue has also contributed to growing tensions, especially after Iran began enriching uranium beyond the limits set by the 2015 nuclear deal, from which the US withdrew in 2018 under President Donald Trump.

As the anniversary of the 1979 hostage crisis approaches, Iran plans another massive demonstration outside the former US embassy, now rebranded as the "Den of Espionage." This annual event aims to stoke further anti-American sentiment, ensuring that the hostilities between the two nations continue to shape the public consciousness in Iran.

For those who were there at the beginning, like Kazemi, the event serves as a painful reminder of the costs of hostility between nations. "Ordinary people should not suffer," says Kazemi, reflecting on how the consequences of this decades-long conflict have affected the lives of Iranians every day through inflation, sanctions, and economic hardship. The Iranian people, much like their American counterparts, have paid the price for the actions of their governments, caught in the crossfire of a conflict that shows no signs of resolution.

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